Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Overview

In women with poly cystic ovaries, fluid filled sacs called follicles develop on the ovaries. This condition is diagnosed in women as they approach reproductive age. These follicles can affect the normal functioning of the ovary.

Signs and Symptoms

Irregular periods cycle
More than 35 days in-between two cycles
Periods are heavy when they do come
Facial hair
Bad acne
Pattern of baldness usually seen in men
Some women may experience headaches

Causes and Risk Factors

Though the exact cause remains elusive, the following may have an effect:

Genetically linked
Increased levels of androgen

Risk factors include:

Insulin resistance
Obesity

Complications

Difficulty in getting pregnant
Hypertension
Diabetes
High LDL or bad cholesterol
Heart problems
Risk of endometrial cancer increases
Sleep apnea

Diagnosis

Medical history of menstrual cycle
Pelvic examination
Blood tests for androgen levels
Ultrasound of the abdomen to confirm poly cystic ovaries

Surgery

Lifestyle changes benefit women with PCOS immensely. A healthy diet which focuses on fruits and vegetables are best. Exercise has been seen to have a major beneficial effect. Both diet and exercise together are recommended to tackle complications like insulin resistance, diabetes and weight loss.
Medicines (like metformin and birth control pills) are also available to treat PCOS.
When other options do not work, surgery (ovarian drilling) can be done to re-establish normal ovulation.

Prevention

Eating a healthy diet
Exercising regularly
Maintaining body weight