Several factors may increase the chance that you will get vaginal or vulvar cancer, including

• Human papillomavirus (HPV) for a long time.
• Have had vulvar or vaginal precancerous lesion
• Have a condition that weakens your immune system (such as HIV, the virus that can lead to AIDS)
• Smoking.
• Chronic vulvar itching or burning.

Main symptoms include

• Vaginal discharge
• Itching or burning sensation in vagina
• Pain during sexual intercourse
• Lower abdominal pain

• If the above symptoms are present, patient may need clinical examination and biopsy from the suspicious lesion
• Staging with CECT/ MRI might be necessary
• Whole body PETCT if metastatic disease is suspected

• Treatment options depend on tumour stage and size
• Surgery and radiotherapy are very effective in early-stage disease, whereas radiation therapy is the primary treatment for more advanced stages.
• Radical vulvectomy/ vaginal excision was done earlier, and is now being replaced with conservative less mutilating surgery + reconstructive surgery
• Nodal dissection in case of nodal metastasis.