Hyponatremia is a specific type of electrolyte disorder, in which sodium levels in the blood are low. It is usually discovered on blood tests. With low sodium levels, the cells of the body begin to swell with water. The swelling can cause a range of health problems, including swelling of the brain, seizures and coma.
Hyponatremia can cause confusion, disorientation, muscle cramps, vomiting, lethargy, headache, changes in mental state and weakness. In severe cases, the patient may experience seizures or a coma.
Sodium in the body helps maintain normal blood pressure, function of the nerves and muscles and fluid balance. Drinking too much water, consuming certain medications, chronic vomiting or diarrhoea, and adrenal gland insufficiency could cause hyponatremia. Geriatric adults and premenopausal women have a high risk of hyponatremia.
Hyponatremia can cause seizures and coma. This usually results in brain damage or even death.
The diagnosis typically begins with a patient’s medical history and a physical exam. Hyponatremia is diagnosed on the basis of a blood test measuring electrolyte levels in the blood. The doctor may require additional tests to assess the extent of complications caused by the hyponatremia.
Treatment for hyponatremia aims to restore sodium balance and treat any complications. The patient may be given oral or intravenous medication to reduce symptoms. A diuretic will also be recommended to reduce swelling and fluid retention if present.
To prevent hyponatremia, treat any underlying conditions you may have, and stay properly hydrated while engaging in strenuous physical activity.
A consultation with our panel of doctors, specialists and surgeons will help you determine what kind of services you may need to help diagnose and treat your condition. If you or someone in your family or friend’s circle are facing any health issues, please get in touch with us, we are here for you.
