Many people experience an occasional, involuntary release of urine. However, when patients experience incontinence regularly, it becomes a problem that needs to be treated. The patient may experience incontinence during moments of stress or when sneezing or coughing. Some patients experience a constant trickle of urine due to a bladder that does not empty completely.

Urinary incontinence has a long list of possible causes. Urinary incontinence could be caused by pregnancy, vaginal childbirth, menopause, enlarged prostate, prostate cancer, any urinary tract obstruction, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, brain tumour or a spinal injury.

Being overweight, smoking and having neurological disorders can increase your risk of urinary incontinence. Women are more likely to develop urinary incontinence than men.

Chronic urinary incontinence can cause urinary tract infections, skin rashes and affect the patient’s mental health.

The doctor begins diagnosing the patient with a medical history and a physical exam (pelvic and rectal). The doctor will require a full urinalysis to assess the possible causes. The patient will also have to maintain a bladder diary and have a post-void urine measurement study.

There are a range of treatment options available for urinary incontinence. The doctor usually starts with less-invasive methods such as behavioural therapy and medication. This may include bladder training, Kegel exercises, double-voiding and fluid management. If these are ineffective, the doctor may suggest a urethral insert or a pessary to provide relief. The doctor may recommend surgery in case none of these methods work for the patient.

Urinary incontinence is not entirely preventable. However, quitting smoking, having a healthy diet, limiting alcohol and caffeine can help reduce the risk. Practicing Kegel exercises to keep the pelvic floor muscles strong is also recommended.